Introduction The manufacturing industry is undergoing a profound transformation driven by rapid technological advancements. Concepts such as Industry 4.0, smart factories, and digital manufacturing are reshaping the way products are designed, produced, and delivered. At the heart of this transformation…
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Introduction Industrial automation has evolved significantly over the past few decades. From the early days of mechanized production lines to today’s intelligent manufacturing systems, automation technologies have continuously reshaped the global manufacturing landscape. As industries strive to improve efficiency, reduce…
